Gambia

Reverse Osmosis & Water Treatment in Gambia

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冈比亚, officially the Republic of the Gambia, is a country in West Africa. It is surrounded by Senegal, apart from a short strip of Atlantic coastline at its western end. It is the smallest country on mainland Africa. The country is situated either side of the Gambia River, the nation's namesake, which flows through the country's centre and empties into the Atlantic Ocean.

这是非洲大陆的最小国家，总面积11300平方公里（KM2），其中约20％被认为是湿地。冈比亚从东到西，将该国分成两条土地25至50公里（公里），长约300公里。
在冈比亚景观中，可以区分两个主要的地貌单位，高地和低地：
• On the upland plateaus, weathered tropical soils are found. These soils have low intrinsic fertility and low water retention capacity, but their drainage conditions are good. The plateau is intersected by watercourses flowing downwards on the lowlands. These streams have formed narrow fluvio-colluvial valleys (Wulumbangos).
• The lowlands include the floodplain of the River Gambia in the Upper Valley (UV), and tidal plains (Bantafaros) in the Central Valley (CV) and Lower Valley (LV). The soils of the lowlands are flat, fine textured, and poorly drained. In the LV potentially acid sulphate soils occur, which can become acid sulphate soils unless waterlogging is prevented by drainage.
The vegetation of the Gambia is of the savanna type with shrub and grass understories. Mangroves are found in the western half of the country in the floodplains of the River Gambia. The cultivable land area is estimated at about 430,000 hectares (ha), which is 38% of the total area. In 2002, arable land was 250,000 ha, while 5,000 ha were under permanent crops (Table 1).
冈比亚lies in the Sahelian agro-climatic zone and its climate is characterized by two different seasons: a rainy season from June/July to October and a long dry period between November and May. The dry season is characterized by a hot, dry wind blowing southwards from the Sahara desert, which can bring sandstorms. There has been a steady decline in rainfall from 1875 onwards which is causing increased salinity in the lowlands and increased aridity in the uplands. Average annual rainfall is 836 millimeters (mm), with a spatial variation from over 1,000 mm in the south to less than 800 mm in the north. In the areas where there is less rainfall, it is generally more reliable. As much of the wet season rainfall falls in short heavy storms, water conservation is essential to ensure crop security. However, there is a risk of washout due to the severity of the rainfall. The average daily temperature is 30°C in the dry season and 27°C in the wet season.

水Resources

The River Gambia originates in Fouta Djallon in the mountain region of Western Guinea and flows through Senegal before entering the Gambia. Within the country, the River Gambia flows from east to west for about 400 km. It is a major waterway and tourist attraction. Its floodplains, riverbanks, and wetlands are important habitats for wildlife and play an important role in local livelihood strategies. Its flow is highly seasonal. The maximum flow occurs at the end of the rainy season in late September or October with a flow of about 1,500 m3/s; the minimum dry season flow is less than 4.5 m3/s. Both measurements are taken at Gouloumbo in Senegal. Because of the flat topography there is a pronounced marine influence and the river’s seasonality and salinity have important repercussions on land use.
该国的实际总水可再生资源es are estimated at 8 km3/year, of which about 3 km3 are internally produced and the remaining 5 km3 represent the inflow of the River Gambia from Senegal (Table 2). It is estimated that internally produced groundwater amounts to about 0.5 km3/year, all of which is drained by the River Gambia and becomes the base flow of the river. Groundwater is available in all parts of the Gambia. The country is located in one of Africa’s major sedimentary basins and is often referred to as the Mauritania/Senegal Basin. It is characterized by two main aquifer systems with water table depths varying from 10 m to 450 m.
沿着河流，山谷的宽度从20到40 km变化，并且可以区分三个主要部分：
• The Upper Valley (UV), where floods occur occasionally and water is always fresh.
•中央山谷（CV），存在潮汐影响，但水也很新鲜。在较低的CV水中，仅在雨季在旱季时新鲜，当盐舌在上游移动到250km时，它变得咸。因此，在干燥的季节，中央和上部河流留下约220公里的淡水。
• The Lower Valley (LV), where water is perennially saline because of permanent tidal influence.

水Use

Total water withdrawal was 31.8 million m3 in 2000. The largest water user was agriculture with 21.3 million m3/year (67%), followed by the domestic sector with 6.9 million m3/year (22%) and industry with 3.6 million m3/year (11%) (Table 2 and Figure 1).
表面水很少被用作冈比亚的饮用水来源，因为冈比亚河下游及其支流中存在的不断良好的盐条件，人口中心和旅游设施所在。地下水来源提供了城市地区，旅游，工业，灌溉和畜禽浇水的饮用水需求。
International Water Issues
冈比亚完全位于冈比亚河流域，该流域塞内加尔（盆地区域77.5％），冈比亚（13％），几内亚，（9％）和几内亚比绍（0.5％）。冈比亚签署了有关冈比亚河流域的几项国际协定和公约，即：
• Agreement for the integrated development of the Gambia River Basin (1968)
• Convention creating the coordinating committee of the River Gambia (1976)
• Convention relating to the status of the River Gambia (1978)
• Convention relating to the creation of the Gambia River Basin development organization (1978)

世界银行报道，至少80个国家有水资源短缺，20亿人口缺乏清洁水。世界卫生组织更令人不安的是，世界卫生组织报道，10亿人缺乏足够的水来简单地满足他们的基本需求，不幸的是，在许多国家的水是稀缺或污染的。

Pure Aqua provides wide range of filtration and economical solutions based on the冈比亚

water resources.

冈比亚main water resources are:

  • Surface water is water from river, lake or fresh water wetland, which can be treated using different methods, such as Ultrafiltration Systems, Brackish Water RO.
  • Desalination can be used for water from ocean, or sea source, which can be treated usingSeawaterReverse OsmosisSystems;海水淡化系统
  • Ground Water or brackish water is from water located in the pore space of soil and rock “Borehole well”, which can be treated usingReverse OsmosisSystems,Chemical Dosing,UV WaterSterilizer.
  • 可以治疗可治疗高水平或高水平的氯气供水水柔软剂系统,Media Water Filters

Pure Aqua manufactures water treatment systems that meet the World Health Organization requirements.

Pure Aqua has over 20 years of experience as a global providerof B2B water treatment solutions for a variety of applications and industries, we offer a large selection of all types of reverse osmosis and water treatment systems to meet your industrial needs. Pure Aqua’s extensive global experience in engineering and manufacturing allows us to pre-engineer and customize water treatment and reverse osmosis systems to meet a wide range of customer requirements and specifications.

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Completed Water Purification Projects for Gambia: